#RenuRasoi #Mirchi #Vada Rajasthani Mirchi Vada Rajasthani Mirchi Vada or popularly known as Jodhpuri Mirchi vada is famous street food from Rajasthan. Big Green chilli peppers stuffed with spicy masala and deep fried are served with spicy green chutney and sweet & tamarind chutney. Very tasty and yummmy 😋😋😋 Most favourite in our house... Ingredients... For batter *Chickpea flour /Besan..2 cups 1 Cup...200 ml *Caraway/ Ajwain seeds... 1/4 tsp *Water... 1 Cup or little more *Asafoetida Powder... a big pinch *Salt... 1/2 tsp *Bhavnagari/ Big long green chillies...9 *Oil....  for deep frying For stuffing *4 medium potatoes... boiled and mashed *Green chillies... chopped...2 *Chopped Coriander leaves... 2 tbspn *Fennel seeds - crushed...1/2 tsp *Coriander powder... 1/2 tsp *Amchur /dry mango powder ... 1/2 tsp Or Lemon Juice...2 tsp *Red Chilli powder...1/2 tsp *Asafoetida Powder... a big pinch *Salt.... 1 tsp *Oil... 1 tbspn Method.... *Wash the bhavnagari chillies very w...

#RenuRasoi #Multigrain #Coconut #Dosa Multigrain Coconut Dosa Very crispy n paper thin Dosa with loads of coconut  makes a complete Meal 👍😋 With the same batter you can prepare soft and fluffy Dosa too... Full of Carbohydrates n Proteins. Ingredients... *Raw Rice...1 Cup 1 Cup...200ml *Udad/ Split BlackGram dal...1/4 Cup *Cheakpea / Chana Dal...1/4 Cup *Arhar/Toor dal... 1/4 Cup *Moong Dal... 1/4  Cup *Fenugreek seeds...1/2 tsp *Salt... 2 tsp *Coconut Oil... for Roasting *Grated fresh Coconut... 1 Cup Method... *Wash and soak the Rice, Dal and Fenugreek seeds for 5..6 hours. *Grind to a smooth paste. *Let it ferment for 8 hours. *In the morning add Salt mix thoroughly, add little water if necessary. *Dry heat the Iron Tawa for five minutes, spread one teaspoon Oil n let it heat for 2..3 minutes. Now Tawa is ready for cooking. *Spread 1 tablespoon batter evenly, it should be thin, drizzle Oil from all the sides, let it crispy by one side  flip and...

# RenuRasoi  Fodanicha Bhat... 2 Rice with a Tempering and spices Or Baghara Chaval...  This is one of the favourite breakfast dish at our home ... but for that, rice has to be cooked the night before.  If freshly cooked rice is used it does not taste so good ...  This rice is  little spicy and tangy.... Very tasty 😋😋 We specially Cook this only to prepare next day....  Ingredients ...  * Cooked rice ... 3 Cups  1 cup ... 200 ml  * Chopped onion ... 3/4 cup  * Oil ... 4 tbsp *Peanuts...2 tbspn  * Green chillies ... four  * Salt ... 1 tsp  * Turmeric ... 1/4 tsp  * Chili powder ... 1 tsp  * Lemon juice ... 3 tsp  * Sugar ... pinch  * Mustard and cumin seeds ... 1/4 tsp each  Method...  * When one cup of rice is cooked, you will get about three cups of rice. Cook this Rice atleast 6 hours before giving phodni. Each grain should be separated, if possible by using your...

#रेणुरसोई  #दोसा #मैसूर  मैसूर साधा दोसा आमच्या घरी सकाळच्या नाश्त्याला दोसा हा अत्यंत  आवडता पदार्थ आहे....व ते पण वेगवेगळ्या प्रकारचे दोसे असतील तर अजून छान 👌👌 तेंव्हा आज चवदार मैसूर साधा दोसा  केला. अतिशय चवदार आणि स्वादिष्ट 😋😋😋😋  मैसूर चटणी स्वादिष्ट असल्याने बटाट्याची भाजी  किंवा सांबारची गरज नव्हती. मी घरी सहज उपलब्ध असलेले साहित्य वापरून ही रेसिपी केली आहे.  साहित्य ...  दोसा...साठी  *तांदूळ ... 3 वाटी एक वाटी...200 मिली  * उडीद डाळ ... 3/4 वाटी  * तुर डाळ ... 1/4 वाटी  * मेथी दाणे ... 1/4 टीस्पून  * मीठ ... 3 टीस्पून  *तेल ... दोसे करण्यासाठी  म्हैसूर चटणीसाठी ...  * चिरलेला कांदा .... 1/2 वाटी  * लसूण सोलून ... 5 पाकळ्या  * फुटाण्याच्या डाळ्या.... 1 टेबलस्पून  * चिंच... सुपारी एवढी  * लाल मिरची ... 7..8  किंवा ... लाल तिखट ... 2 टीस्पून  * मीठ ... 1/2 टीस्पून  पद्धत ...  डोसासाठी ...  * तांदूळ आणि दोन्ही डाळ धुवा.  प...

#RenuRasoi #Basi #Bhat This is a healthy and tasty Curd Rice. This is my mother's recipe which she prepares especially in summer. We are eating this from so many year's. The name Basi Bhat may be because this Rice is cooked in the previous night and then ate in the next day morning as breakfast. This Rice is high in nutritional value and helps to strengthen body immunity and remove anaemia and iron deficiency. “When normal rice is soaked for 8-12 hours in water, Phytic acid reacts with water and creates lactic acid which increases the nutrient quality of rice." Ingredients... *Raw Rice...1/2 Cup 1 Cup...400 ml *Homemade Curd... 1 Cup *Milk... 1/2 Cup *Oil .. 2 tbspn *Sugar... 2 tsp... optional *Salt... 1 tsp *Mustard and Cumin Seeds... 1/4 tsp each *Asafoetida Powder... a pinch *Ground Nuts... 2 tbspn *Pomegranate seeds... 2 tbspn *Chopped Coriander... 2 tsp Method... *Cook the Rice by adding 1.5 cups water .... thrice the quantity of Rice. I have c...

#RenuRasoi #Poha #Potato #Onion Poha also known as beaten Rice. Poha when  made with different combination of vegetables is a yummy dish for a breakfast.  It is not only tasty,😋 but healthy too.. Poha contains lots of Iron and when combined with vegetables and a very nice tempering of mustard seeds it gives a nice aromatic flavour...  When served with freshly grated Coconut  and Coriander it tastes amazing... Today I have prepared Kande Batate Pohe.... means very yummy Onion and Potato Pohe with  a dash of Lemon Juice, crispy Peanuts and Pomegranate seeds.... They will taste Yum even when they are cool....😋😋😋 Ingredients... *Thick Beaten Rice /Poha...2 Cups...150 ml...one cup...heap full *Boiled & diced Potatoes...1 Cup *Chopped Onion....1 Cup *Grated Coconut ...1 tablespoon  *Chopped Coriander... 1 tablespoon *Pomegranate seeds... 1 tablespoon *Peanuts... 2 tablespoon *Green Chillies... spicy...3... chopped *Lemon juice... 2 tsp ...

#रेणुरसोई  #खारे #बन  हे बन म्हणजेच पाव खूप चवदार आणि खमंग असे आहेत, यासोबत आपल्याला बाकी कोणत्याही चटणी, लोणचे याची आवश्यकता नाही....😋😋😋 हा पावा चा मसालेदार प्रकार असल्याने याचे नाव खारा बन असे आहे.  चहा किंवा कॉफीचा गरम कप व हे पाव, बस दुसरे काही नको...  जेंव्हा हे बन बेक करत होते तेंव्हा घर भर एक अप्रतिम सुवास दरवळत होता....... ☺️☺️☺️  इंटरनेटवर बर्‍याच रेसिपी पाहिल्यानंतर मी हेब्बर स किचन रेसिपी वर आधारित हे पाव करून पाहिले... रेसिपी व माप जसे सांगितले आहे तसेच करा अतिशय उत्तम पाव तयार होतात.  साहित्य  * मैदा ... 2 कप कप जे बाजारात measuring cup मिळतात ते वापरले आहेत.  * कोमट दूध ....3/4 कप  * साखर .... 1 टीस्पून  * Active ड्राय यीस्ट ... 1 टीस्पून  * मीठ ..3 / 4 टीस्पून  मसाला साठी ...  * बारीक चिरलेला कांदा ... 1/4 कप  * चिली फ्लेक्स ... 1 टीस्पून  * लाल तिखट ... 1/2 टीस्पून  * जिरे ... 1 टीस्पून  * हिरव्या मिरच्या ...3  बारीक चिरून  * कढीपत्ता बारीक चिरून .... 1/2...

#RenuRasoi #Aalu #Parotha Aalu Parotha Aalu ke Parothe... Crispy... Spicy... Aromatic...with Homemade Curd sheer bliss....☺️☺️ With the temperature going around 5.1 degree Celsius when you are served ghee fried Aalu Parothe...😋😋😋😋😋😋😋 The stuffing is aromatic, the outer layer is Crispy... Ingredients... 1 Cup...150 ml For Stuffing *Boiled & mashed Potatoes...3 Cups *Green Chillies...6 *Garlic cloves...4 *Grated Ginger...1 tsp *Cumin seeds...1/4 tsp *Chopped Coriander...1/2 Cup *Salt...1 tsp *Red Chilli Powder...2 tsp For outer covering... *Whole-wheat Flour...2 Cups *Salt...1/4 tsp *Oil...for dough...8 tsp *Wheat flour for dusting...& 2 tsp Oil before rolling. *Homemade Ghee for roasting...1/2 Cup Method... For Dough... *Mix Wheat flour, Salt & Oil properly, make a tight dough using minimum water. Water use depends on quality of wheat flour. Here I have used 1 Cup water. Let the Dough rest atleast for 30 minutes. While rolling out Paratha...

#RenuRasoi Podi Idli Idli or Dosa coated with Mulga Podi is all time favourite. Especially when you are in hurry, carrying it in Lunch Box or even in travelling... Very tasty and easy to eat. No need of  any Sambar or Chutney. It tastes yummy as it is... Ingredients... *Split Blackgram/ Udad Dal...1/2 Cup *Chickpea/ Chana Dal....1/2 Cup *Sesame seeds...1/4 Cup *Dry Red Chillies...10..12 Or *Red Chilli Powder...3 tsp *Asafoetida Powder...1/4 tsp *Salt...1/2 tsp Method... *Dry roast Udid Dal, Chana Dal & Sesame Seeds seperately. *If you are using Red Chilli roast it on low flame for 2 minutes. *When all get's cool, grind from the Mixer...by start & stop method. If you will grind continuosly, the texture will be different. *Grind to a coarse texture. *Before serving mix this Podi in a Oil , keep aside atleast for 30 minutes. *Coat the Idlis generously with this Podi. *Recipe of Idli #RenuRasoi Idli Idli is basically a South Indian dish. But loved by ...

#रेणूरसोई पोडी इडली पोडी इडली हा  एक चटणी पूड लावलेला इडलीचा प्रकार आहे ‌... घाईच्या वेळेत वेगळे सांबार व चटणी करायची गरज नाही... ही पूड चटणी लावायची ल इडली फस्त करायची...😋😋 दोस्या सोबत सुद्धा हि चटणी छान लागते. ऑफिसमध्ये किंवा शाळेत डब्यासाठी अथवा प्रवासात पण न्यायला सोपे पडते. हिलाच गन पावडर असे पण म्हणतात, अतिशय तिखट असल्यामुळे असे नाव पडले आहे. साहित्य *उडीद डाळ....अर्धी वाटी *हरबरा डाळ.... अर्धी वाटी *तीळ... पाव वाटी *सुक्या लाल मिरच्या... दहा ते बारा किंवा *लाल तिखट... तीन  टीस्पून *हिंग पुड...पाव टीस्पून *मीठ ...अर्धा टीस्पून कृती * हरबरा डाळ, उडीद डाळ,व तीळ वेगवेगळे कोरडे भाजून घ्या. *लाल मिरची वापरणार असाल तर एक टिस्पून तेलात मंद आचेवर खमंग परतून घ्या. *सगळे साहित्य गार झाल्यावर मिक्सरमधून रवाळ दळून घ्या. *इडली किंवा डोसा ला लावायच्या आधी तेलात छान कालवून कमीत कमी 30 मिनिटे मुरू द्या. मग इडली डोसा ला मस्त लावून फस्त करा. * खोबरेल तेल, तीळाचे तेल व साजूक तुपात अजून छान लागते. *इडली रेसिपी #रेणूरसोई इडली इडली हा मुख्यतः दक्षिण भारतातील पदार्थ...

#RenuRasoi Ragi Dosa Ragi or Finger Millet is  very healthy....rich in Calcium and Iron. Regular consumption helps in weight reduction too. Today I have prepared Ragi Dosa. It was yummy 😋😋😋 With the goodness of fermented food, goes very well with Potato Veg & Hing Chutney. Ingredients... *Ragi/Finger Millet....1 Cup 1 Cup....150 ml. *Raw Rice ....1 Cup *Udid Dal/Split Blackgram...1/2 Cup *Fenugreek Seeds...1/2 tsp *Salt...2 tsp *Coconut Oil...1/4 Cup Method.... *Clean & wash Ragi well. Soak Ragi, Rice, Udid Dal & Fenugreek Seeds in water for 6..7 hours. *Grind all to a smooth paste by adding sufficient water. *Let it ferment overnight or for 7..8 hours. *Add 1.5 tsp Salt in the fermented batter, mix properly. Add little water if necessary. Batter consistency should be little like Dosa batter. *Heat Iron Tawa on low flame for 5 minutes, spread Two tsp Oil, once again let it heat for Two minutes. It may become little smoky. Don't worry... *Sprea...

#रेणूरसोई कुरकुरीत  चाट चाट हा प्रकार अतिशय चटपटीत व सगळ्यांना च आवडणारा प्रकार.... हा चाट चा प्रकार चटपटीत व कुरकुरीत असला तरी अजिबात तेलकट नाही... तुम्ही हा प्रकार घरी नाश्त्या ला, पार्टीसाठी, स्टार्टर म्हणून कशाप्रकारे पण करू शकता. साहित्य... *ब्रेड....12 स्लाईस *साजुक तूप...1/4 वाटी *उकडलेला बटाटा... सोलुन व छोटे तुकडे करून...2 वाटी *उकडलेला मका/ स्वीटकॉर्न...1 वाटी *शेंगदाणे...एक टिस्पून तेलात कुरकुरीत होईपर्यंत परतून...1/2 वाटी *डाळींब दाणे...1/2 वाटी *कांदा बारीक चिरून...1/2 वाटी *कोथिंबीर बारीक चिरून...1/4 वाटी *घरी केलेला मसाला...2 टिस्पून *चिंच चटणी...1/4 वाटी कृती... *ब्रेड वाटी च्या सहाय्याने गोल कापून, लाटण्याने लाटून घ्या. आप्पेपात्र गरम करून त्यात थोडे तुप घालून, ब्रेड चे गोल तुकडे छान दाबुन बसला, मंद आचेवर कुरकुरीत होईपर्यंत अथवा खालुन गुलाबी रंगावर भाजून घ्या. किंवा *ब्रेडचे तुकडे करुन, तव्यावर दोन्ही बाजूंनी तुप लावून कुरकुरीत होईपर्यंत भाजून घ्या. *उकडलेल्या बटाट्याच्या फोडी, कांदा, स्विटकॉर्न, तळलेले शेंगदाणे, मसाला, कोथिंबीर व चिंचेची चटणी ...

#RenuRasoi #Ukad # Rice Tandulachi Ukad This simple but tasty dish made from Rice flour is a comfort food. Very easy to prepare. Tasty and healthy too... You can have it for breakfast , Lunch, Dinner or as a Meal between Meal...😃😃 Full of flavours yet simple...😋😋 Ingredients.... *Rice flour...1 Cup *Sour Curd...1/2 Cup *Water ...1 Cup *Green Chillies chopped...3 *Chopped Ginger...1/2 tsp *Curry leaves...7..8 *Oil...3 tbspn *Mustard Seeds...1/4 tsp *Cumin seeds...a pinch *Salt...1 tsp *Turmeric...a pinch Method... *Mix Rice flour, Curd & Water without forming lumps. *Heat Oil in a pan, add Mustard Seeds n Cumin seeds. Let it splutter. *Add Turmeric Powder, Green Chillies, Curry Leaves. saute for a minute. *Pour Rice flour mix. Mix properly, steam for 3 minutes by covering with the lid. *Remove the lid after 3 minutes, mix properly. Done. Switch off the gas. *Serve hot... tastes yummmy when cold also. #रेणूरसोई #तांदुळ #उकड तांदूळ पीठाची उकड दिवाळीच्...

#RenuRasoi #Amaranth #Rajgira #Thalipith Amaranth Thalipith Amaranth also known as Rajgira/Ramdana. Rajgira flour is protein reach, gluten free flour. In India this is widely used while fasting. Today I have prepared Thalipith. Quick, Tasty n Yummy 😋😋 Ingredients *Rajgira flour...1.5 Cup *Roasted Peanuts Powder...1/2 Cup *Green Chillies chopped...2 *Chopped Coriander...1 tbsp *Cumin seeds...1/4 tsp *Desi Ghee...for Roasting *Red Chilli Powder...1 tsp *Salt...1 tsp Method... *Mix all ingredients except Ghee. *Make a semi soft dough by using water. Add water carefully. *Divide into four equal parts. *Heat Iron Tawa for Two minutes. Spread 1 tsp Ghee. *Take a one portion dough, spread it evenly by using little wet hand. *Make a whole in the centre, this ensures perfect cooking. *Drizzle Ghee from the sides as well as in the centre. *Cover with the lid just for 2 minutes. Gas flame should be medium. *Remove the lid, flip & cook from the other side. No nee...

#RenuRasoi #Appe #Multigrain Appe also known as Paniyaram. Very yummy n healthy 😋 Easy to prepare without Onion n Garlic. A nice combination of Carbs n Proteins. Added varieties of Dal's to make it  healthy as well as Protein Ricch. Proteins are very healthy and should be consumed on regular basis. Ingredients... *Raw Rice...1 Cup *Split Chickpea/Chana Dal...1 Cup *Split Blackgram /Udad dal...1/2 Cup *Split Yellow Moong Dal...1/2 Cup *Fenugreek Seeds...1 tsp *Sour Curd...1/2 Cup or Buttermilk 1Cup *Water...for Grinding as needed *Green Chillies chopped...6 *Grated Ginger...1 tsp *Salt...3 tsp *Chopped Coriander...1 tbsp *Coconut Oil...1/2 Cup for roasting. Method... *Wash and soak Rice & all varieties of  Dal, for 5..6 hours. Also add Fenugreek Seeds while soaking. *Grind all from the Mixer, by adding Buttermilk, Chillies & Ginger. If you're using Curd, also use 1/2 cup water. The batter should be thicker than Idli batter. * Take out the batt...

  #RenuRasoi #chilli #pakoda #andhra Andhra Chilli Pakoda There are so many varieties of food in our country that even if you eat one variety every day, you will never end. Food preparation in Andhra Pradesh is very tasty. Savory dishes are slightly sour and spicy….  I love these chilli bhaji .... This recipe is based on Vanita Bhat's recipe...I have made a few changes...  These bhajis are so tasty that there is no need for a separate chutney. If desired, you can serve it with tamarind sweet and sour chutney.  Ingredients....  *Chilli...long but not too thick...10  For stuffing saran/masala  * Finely chopped onion...1/4 cup  *Finely chopped coriander....1/4 cup  *Roasted Peanut powder...1 tbsp  *Red chilli powder..1/2 tsp  *Salt...1/4 tsp  *Tamarind pulp...4 tsp  *Chopped jaggery..1 tsp  * Coriander powder...1 tsp  For the outer covering  1 Cup...150 ml  *Besan/ chickpea flour...1 Cup   *Ric...

पनीर पराठा #रेणूरसोई #पनीर #पराठा पनीर पराठा पनीर पराठा खूप पौष्टिक होतो व झटपट करता येतो... छान लागतो 😋😋😋 पनीर असल्यामुळे भरपूर प्रोटीन व साजूक तुपाचा शेकल्यामुळे खमंग खुसखुशीत होतो. आपण पनीर घरी केलेले पण वापरू शकता किंवा विकतचे सुद्धा. साहित्य... वरील आवरणासाठी *गव्हाचे पीठ... दोन वाटी *तेल.... 6 टीस्पून *मीठ...1/2 टीस्पून *पाणी...1 वाटी आतील सारण... *किसलेले पनीर...2 वाटी *कोथिंबीर चिरून...2 टेबलस्पून *हिरवी मिरची चिरून...2 *आले किसलेले...1/2 टीस्पून *लिंबू रस...1 टीस्पून *मीठ...1/2 टीस्पून *तिखट...1 टीस्पून *साजूक तुप... पराठे शेकण्यासाठी कृती... *गव्हाचे पीठ, तेल व मीठ छान एकत्र करून, हळूहळू पाणी घालून कणीक भिजवून घ्या. मला एक वाटी पाण्यातील एक टेबलस्पून पाणी कमी लागले. *भिजवलेली कणीक झाकण ठेवून 30 मिनिटे मुरू द्या. *सारणासाठी चे सर्व साहित्य एकत्र करून छान गोळा करून घ्या. *भिजवलेल्या कणकेचे व सारणाचे सारखे गोळे करून घ्यावेत. माझे सात गोळे झाले. *प्रथम पोळपाटावर कणीक पुरी एवढी लाटुन त्यात पनीर चे सारण भरावे. चारी बाजूंनी कणीक आवरण घालून हलक्या हातान...

RenuRasoi #Dosa #Mysore In our house Dosa is a favourite breakfast dish. We like new varieties... Today tried tasty Mysore Dosa. It was very tasty and yummy 😋😋 Since the Mysore Chutney was yummy no need of Potato Masala or Sambar. I have prepared it in my way making little changes, by using material available at home. Ingredients... For Dosa *Rice... 3 Cups *Udad Dal /Split Blackgram without skin...3/4 th Cup *Split Pigeon Pea/ Arhar or Tuar Dal...1/4th Cup *Fenugreek Seeds...1/4 tsp *Salt...3 tsp *Oil... For frying For Mysore Chutney... *Chopped Onions....1/2 Cup *Garlic peeled...5 *Roasted Chickpea Dal or Dalya...3 tbsp *Tamarind...Small Gooseberry size *Red Chillies...7..8 OR... Red Chilli Powder...2 tsp *Salt...1/2 tsp Method... For Dosa... *Wash Rice, and both Dal. Soak in water for 7..8 hours. Also add Fenugreek seeds. *Grind from the Mixer to a smooth paste. *Let it ferment for 6 hours. *Add Salt and mix properly. *Heat the Iron Tawa for 5 minutes...

#RenuRasoi #Sanja #NoOnionGarlic   This is the typical maharashtrian breakfast dish . A different version of Upma.   One of my families favourite breakfast. We have simple nashta...so this is  very quick n tasty version...    This tastes yummyyy even after 5..6 hours also. Can be prepared with very few ingredients.    Some places this is also called as "Tikhat mithacha Shira". INGREDIANTS. .. *Semolina/ Upma Rava...1 Cup *Water...2 Cups *Sour Curd..3/4 the Cup *Oil....1.1/4 tbsp. *Udad dal...2 tsp *Curry leaves...10..12 *Mustard & Cumin Seeds...1/4 tsp each *Asafoetida Powder...a big pinch *Turmeric...1/4tsp *Red Chilli Powder...3/4 tsp *Salt...1 tsp *Grated Coconut...1 tbsp *Chopped Coriander...1 tbsp Method. .. *Heat oil in a pan...add Mustard & Cumin...when it splutters add Udad dal n Asafoetida  powder. *When dal turns little red n release aroma add Semolina...saute it on low flame for 3..4 mts. *Add Turmeric ...

#RenuRasoi #Poha Poha also known as beaten Rice. Poha when  made with different combination of vegetables is a yummy dish for a breakfast.  It is not only tasty,😋 but healthy too.. Poha contains lots of Iron and when combined with vegetables and a very nice tempering of mustard seeds it gives a nice aromatic flavour...  When served with freshly grated Coconut  and Coriander it tastes amazing... Today I have prepared Poha with Crispy Potato with a flavour of Asafoetida and a dash of lemon juice.... Ingredients... *Thick Beaten Rice /Poha...2 Cups 1 Cup...150 ml *Diced Potatoes...1 Cup *Asafoetida Powder...1/4 tsp *Grated Coconut ...1 tablespoon  *Coriander... 1 tablespoon *Green Chillies...3 *Lemon juice... 2 tsp *Sugar ...1.5  tsp *Salt ...1.5 tsp *Oil...5 tablespoon *Mustard Seeds...1/4 tsp *Turmeric powder...1/4 tsp Method... *Wash Poha thoroughly in  the Colander...keep it aside. *Heat Oil in a Kadhai , add diced Potatoes and...